Here’s a step-by-step practical guide to drawing the sectional plan and elevation of square, rectangular, and circular columns with a footing.
Materials Needed:
- Drawing paper or CAD software
- Scale ruler
- Pencil, eraser, and compass
- Engineering scale (e.g., 1:20 or 1:50)
1. Square Column with Footing
Sectional Plan:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a square with sides of 300 mm (e.g., [300 \, \text{mm} \times 300 \, \text{mm}]).
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a larger square around the column with sides of 1200 mm (e.g., [1200 \, \text{mm} \times 1200 \, \text{mm}]).
- Add Reinforcement:
- Draw 4 main bars (e.g., [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}]) at the corners of the column.
- Add stirrups (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]) around the main bars.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column and footing dimensions.
Elevation:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a vertical rectangle with a height of 3000 mm and width of 300 mm.
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a wider rectangle at the base with a width of 1200 mm and depth of 300 mm.
- Add Reinforcement:
- Show the main bars and stirrups in the column.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column height and footing depth.
2. Rectangular Column with Footing
Sectional Plan:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a rectangle with dimensions 300 mm x 450 mm (e.g., [300 \, \text{mm} \times 450 \, \text{mm}]).
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a larger rectangle around the column with dimensions 1500 mm x 1200 mm (e.g., [1500 \, \text{mm} \times 1200 \, \text{mm}]).
- Add Reinforcement:
- Draw 6 main bars (e.g., [6 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}]) in the column.
- Add stirrups (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]) around the main bars.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column and footing dimensions.
Elevation:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a vertical rectangle with a height of 3000 mm and width of 300 mm.
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a wider rectangle at the base with a width of 1500 mm and depth of 300 mm.
- Add Reinforcement:
- Show the main bars and stirrups in the column.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column height and footing depth.
3. Circular Column with Footing
Sectional Plan:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a circle with a diameter of 300 mm (e.g., [300 \, \text{mm} diameter]).
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a larger circle around the column with a diameter of 1200 mm (e.g., [1200 \, \text{mm} diameter]).
- Add Reinforcement:
- Draw 8 main bars (e.g., [8 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}]) evenly spaced in the column.
- Add spiral reinforcement (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} pitch]) around the main bars.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column and footing diameters.
Elevation:
- Draw the Column:
- Draw a vertical rectangle with a height of 3000 mm and width of 300 mm.
- Draw the Footing:
- Draw a wider rectangle at the base with a width of 1200 mm and depth of 300 mm.
- Add Reinforcement:
- Show the main bars and spiral reinforcement in the column.
- Mark Dimensions:
- Label the column height and footing depth.
General Tips:
- Use a consistent scale (e.g., 1:20 or 1:50) for accurate representation.
- Ensure the reinforcement details comply with design codes (e.g., IS 456:2000 for Indian standards).
- Use dashed lines for hidden details (e.g., reinforcement inside the column).
- Label all components clearly for easy understanding.
Example Dimensions:
Square Column:
- Column: [300 \, \text{mm} \times 300 \, \text{mm}]
- Footing: [1200 \, \text{mm} \times 1200 \, \text{mm}]
- Reinforcement: [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}], [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]
Rectangular Column:
- Column: [300 \, \text{mm} \times 450 \, \text{mm}]
- Footing: [1500 \, \text{mm} \times 1200 \, \text{mm}]
- Reinforcement: [6 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}], [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]
Circular Column:
- Column: [300 \, \text{mm} diameter]
- Footing: [1200 \, \text{mm} diameter]
- Reinforcement: [8 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}], [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} pitch]