Latitudes and Departures

• The latitude of a line is its orthographic N projection on the north–south axis of the survey.

• The departure of a line is its orthographic projection on the east–west axis of the survey.

Coordinates

The coordinates of any point with respect to a common origin.

The latitude and departure of a point calculated with reference to the preceding point.

Example 1

A line AB of a traverse has length of 20m and WC bearing (azimuth) as 70°, calculate the rectangular coordinates at point B if the coordinates at point A is (0,0).

Example 02

What will be the WC bearing and length of a line AB, if the rectangular coordinates at point A and B are (1023.25m, 2134.32m) and (2012.89m, 1141.71m) respectively.

Example 03

A line AB of a traverse has length of 35m and bearing as 25° SW, calculate the rectangular coordinates at point B if the coordinates at point A are 15N and 25E.

HW Problem 01

A line AB of a traverse has length of (20+R) m and WC bearing (azimuth) as 70°, calculate the rectangular coordinates at point B if the coordinates at point A is (0,0)

H.W Problem 2

What will be the WC bearing and length of a line AB, if the rectangular coordinates at point A and B are (-923.85+R m, 834.32+R m) and (542.73+R m, -632.82+R m) respectively.

Traverse

A traverse is a series of consecutive lines whose ends have been marked in the field, and whose lengths and directions have been determined from observations.

Open Traverse

Close Traverse

Traverse Computation

H.W Problem 3

In an open traverse, the coordinates of A point are (15,150). Calculate the coordinates of B, C, D and E. If the length and bearing of lines AB, BC, CD and DE are