Here’s a step-by-step practical guide to drawing the cross-section of the end connection of a column with a beam. This drawing will show how the beam and column are joined, including reinforcement details.
Materials Needed:
- Drawing paper or CAD software
- Scale ruler
- Pencil, eraser, and compass
- Engineering scale (e.g., 1:20 or 1:50)
Steps to Draw the Cross-Section:
1. Draw the Column:
- Shape and Dimensions:
- Draw the cross-section of the column (e.g., a square [300 \, \text{mm} \times 300 \, \text{mm}] or a rectangle [300 \, \text{mm} \times 450 \, \text{mm}]).
- Reinforcement:
- Draw the main bars (e.g., [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}] for a square column or [6 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}] for a rectangular column).
- Add stirrups (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]) around the main bars.
2. Draw the Beam:
- Shape and Dimensions:
- Draw the cross-section of the beam (e.g., a rectangle [230 \, \text{mm} \times 500 \, \text{mm}]).
- Reinforcement:
- Draw the main bars (e.g., [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}]) at the bottom of the beam.
- Add stirrups (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]) around the main bars.
3. Show the Connection:
- Beam-Column Joint:
- Overlap the beam and column sections to show the connection.
- Ensure the beam is aligned with the column edge (e.g., the beam is flush with the column face).
- Additional Reinforcement:
- Show extra bars or dowels at the joint to strengthen the connection (e.g., [2 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}] dowels extending from the column into the beam).
- Stirrups at Joint:
- Add closely spaced stirrups at the joint (e.g., [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 100 \, \text{mm} c/c]) to provide shear resistance.
4. Mark Dimensions:
- Column:
- Label the column dimensions (e.g., [300 \, \text{mm} \times 300 \, \text{mm}]).
- Beam:
- Label the beam dimensions (e.g., [230 \, \text{mm} \times 500 \, \text{mm}]).
- Clear Cover:
- Indicate the clear cover for reinforcement (e.g., 25 mm).
5. Add Annotations:
- Reinforcement Details:
- Label the main bars, stirrups, and dowels.
- Joint Details:
- Highlight the joint area and specify any special reinforcement or spacing.
Example Dimensions:
Column:
- Shape: Square
- Dimensions: [300 \, \text{mm} \times 300 \, \text{mm}]
- Reinforcement: [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}], [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]
Beam:
- Shape: Rectangular
- Dimensions: [230 \, \text{mm} \times 500 \, \text{mm}]
- Reinforcement: [4 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}], [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 150 \, \text{mm} c/c]
Joint:
- Dowels: [2 \times \phi 16 \, \text{mm}]
- Stirrups at Joint: [ \phi 8 \, \text{mm} @ 100 \, \text{mm} c/c]
General Tips:
- Use a consistent scale (e.g., 1:20 or 1:50) for accurate representation.
- Ensure the reinforcement details comply with design codes (e.g., IS 456:2000 for Indian standards).
- Use dashed lines for hidden details (e.g., reinforcement inside the column or beam).
- Label all components clearly for easy understanding.