To measure the horizontal distance between two terminal stations on a sloping ground by STEPPING METHODS.

Object : To measure the horizontal distance between two terminal stations on a sloping ground by Stepping Method.

1. STEPPING METHOD.

Instruments required :

1. Ranging rods
2. Tape
3. Field book

Theory :

In case of sloped or hilly ground, the horizontal distance can be measured by stepping method by measuring the line in short horizontal lengths.

Procedure:

• Let A and B be the two end stations with sloping ground in between.
• First, ranging is carried out to align the rods P and Q with A and B. (There can be more than two intermediate stations e.g. R)
• The follower holds the zero end of tape at end station A and directs the leader at P to be in the line of AB and stretch the tape above the ground in horizontal line, then measures the horizontal distance d1.
• The leader then transfers his station P to the station Q and stretches the tape horizontally and measures the horizontal distance d2.
• By same procedure all short horizontal lengths i.e. d1,d2 and d3 are measured and are noted in field book.
• The horizontal distance D is calculated by the following formula: D=d1+d2+d3.

Observations:

Results: